Pat the salmon fillets very dry with paper towels. Sprinkle both sides with salt and pepper.
Add 2 tbsp. of oil to skillet. Heat oil over high heat until shimmering. Turn heat down to medium-low. Add one fillet at a time, carefully pressing each fillet gently but firmly with a spatula for 10 seconds before adding the next fillet. Don't overcrowd the pan. Cook in batches if necessary. Continue cooking for approximately 5 minutes for one-inch-thick fillets, or until salmon looks pink almost all the way through. Keep an eye on the skin and lower the heat if it's getting too dark.
Carefully flip the fillets using a spatula and a fork and cook flesh side down for one minute. Cook until quick read thermometer reads 120 degrees F. or until flesh looks still moist and bright pink inside. Check by separating the flesh with 2 forks or by squeezing the sides with your fingers to check for flakiness. Remember the salmon will continue cooking as it rests.
Transfer to a paper towel lined plate to absorb any excess oil. Repeat with any remaining fillets. Let salmon rest while you finish the vinaigrette.
In a small frying pan heat the olive oil over medium high heat. Add drained capers, careful as they may spatter. Fry until turning lightly golden, about 3 minutes. Add the fried capers plus all the oil to the lemon juice mixture. Stir to combine.
Pour vinaigrette over salmon fillets or serve on the side.